Recently, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported that a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurred at 4 km NW of Baramulla, India, originating at a depth of about 15. 9 km and caused shaking in Baramulla and adjacent areas of Kashmir. The National Center for Seismology (NCS), Ministry of Earth Science, India, reports two events ranging from 5 to 10 km deep near Baramulla and adjacent areas. Both these independent sources confirm that the earthquake occurred at a shallow depth, and it seems reasonable that the quake ruptured local active faults.
Recent seismic activity in Kashmir is consistent with our prior research on the region’s earthquake dynamics, reinforcing the significant risk posed by the area’s underlying tectonic structures. This event underscores the urgent need to prepare for a major earthquake, which could lead to widespread devastation, exacerbated by the unscientific urbanization practices prevalent in the region.
Kashmir’s stunning landscape owes much to its complex geological and tectonic history, where seismic forces have shaped its natural beauty. However, this same tectonic activity also brings significant risks. Earthquakes, floods, and landslides are constant threats in this region, and the underlying tectonic structure suggests that a major seismic events could occur at any time.
Kashmir’s beauty and danger duality underscores the region’s intricate relationship with the Earth’s dynamic forces. Predicting the exact timing of an earthquake remains beyond our current knowledge and technological capabilities. Despite advancements, even the most earthquake-prone and technologically advanced nations, such as Japan, the USA, and New Zealand, cannot predict earthquakes. Recognizing this, these nations initiated campaigns to protect lives from earthquakes and related hazards by implementing and adhering to strict building codes. These measures have significantly reduced losses and damages during major earthquakes, as demonstrated by decades of scientific and engineering progress.
Kashmir’s failure to initiate an earthquake preparedness campaign contrasts with the proactive measures taken by other earthquake-prone regions worldwide. This delay is not just a missed opportunity but a grave risk, leaving the region vulnerable to catastrophic consequences. The looming threat of an earthquake with a magnitude of seven or higher casts a dark shadow over Kashmir, where the absence of stringent building codes and disaster preparedness could result in unimaginable loss. Immediate action is crucial to safeguard lives and infrastructure before a devastating earthquake strikes, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive disaster management strategies.
To enhance the safety and resilience of buildings in Kashmir, it’s imperative that we involve well-trained architects and engineers from some of the world’s leading institutions. The current practice of relying on locally trained individuals, many of whom have not received formal education in engineering or architecture, poses significant risks. This is particularly concerning in the context of earthquake-prone areas, where improperly designed structures can lead to devastating consequences.
In areas like Anantnag, where I come from, I have observed that most residential buildings are designed and constructed by local architects and engineers who often lack formal training from accredited institutions. This practice is deeply problematic, resulting in buildings that may not adhere to the necessary safety standards and are ill-equipped to withstand natural disasters like earthquakes. The existing norms must be replaced with professional engineering design and construction standards to ensure the safety and well-being of residents.
The government must play a pivotal role in this transformation. It should adopt a resolution that mandates careful monitoring of the competence of those involved in engineering design and construction.
This would involve setting up a regulatory body to oversee building practices, ensuring that only qualified professionals are permitted to design and construct residential and commercial structures.
Moreover, systematic procedures should be established to gradually replace unqualified practitioners with professionals who have the necessary training and expertise. This shift would improve the quality and safety of buildings and foster a culture of accountability and excellence in the construction industry. By prioritizing professional standards, we can significantly reduce the risks of poorly constructed buildings and create safer, more resilient communities.
- Views expressed in the article are the author’s own and do not necessarily represent the editorial stance of Kashmir Observer
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