ON Saturday evening, earthquakes struck Ladakh and Doda district. The Ladakh earthquake measured 4.5 on the Richter scale and the one in Doda 4.4, according to the National Center for Seismology (NCS). The earthquakes were part of a series of natural events that have struck Jammu and Kashmir in recent days. And their recurrence has been a source of deep concern for people in the union territory.
The geography of the Kashmir valley places it at the convergence of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates, making it highly vulnerable to earthquakes. The region is overdue for a major earthquake, and if precautions are not taken, the consequences could be catastrophic in terms of loss of life and infrastructure.
Living in a region prone to frequent seismic activity, residents of the Valley must recognize the critical importance of constructing earthquake-resistant houses and retrofitting existing ones. People are generally unaware of what it means to build an earthquake-resistant structure or how to prepare for potential tremors. Incorporating earthquake-resistant features provides occupants with crucial evacuation time during a disaster.
However, the trend in recent construction projects in the region shows a lack of consideration for safety measures. People often replicate designs without incorporating necessary safety features, leading to structures that lack flexibility and symmetry—both essential elements for withstanding earthquakes. Ignoring expert advice and making construction errors such as placing corner windows further compromises structural integrity.
Experts have pointed out a basic fault in construction practices where walls have become progressively thinner, compromising the strength of the foundation. Traditional architectural styles in Kashmir, such as the “Taq system” and “Dhajji Diwari style,” relied on wood and exhibited flexibility, allowing them to withstand earthquakes. However, modern constructions fail to consider the region’s unique geography and climate. In the past, J&K chapter of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), has highlighted the importance of understanding the nuances of traditional architecture and incorporating favorable aspects into modern designs. The INTACH has been critical of the architectural practices that overlook the climatic and geographical requirements of the region in favor of designs suitable for other parts of India. A prime example is the ill-advised construction of cement and marble buildings in Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, an area known for its extreme cold temperatures.
The devastating earthquake in October 2005 serves as a stark reminder of the region’s vulnerability. The magnitude 7.6 earthquake claimed over 80,000 thousand lives and caused extensive damage to infrastructure. Despite this tragedy, adequate measures to mitigate future losses remain elusive.
It is crucial for the government to take proactive measures, such as implementing a sustained awareness campaign. Alongside periodic advertisement campaigns, regular workshops in educational institutions can educate students, teachers, and stakeholders about earthquake preparedness and safe construction practices.
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